Periodontology

It is a branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gums, alveolar bone (bone around the tooth), cementum (layer covering the tooth root) and periodontal ligament (soft tissue, connective tissue connecting the tooth root and bone), which are the tissues that surround and support the tooth.

What is periodontal disease (gum disease)?

Due to gum diseases, that is, periodontal diseases, resorption (melting, loss) in the bone surrounding the tooth and recession of the gums occur. As a result of the decrease in the bone and gum surrounding the teeth, the teeth begin to shake and eventually the teeth may be lost due to decay. Gum diseases usually progress painlessly. Patients usually consult the dentist with complaints such as bad breath, bleeding gums, and aching teeth.

What is gingivitis?

Gingivitis is a common and mild form of gum disease. Gingivitis is noticed by redness, swelling and slight bleeding in the gums. It is possible for gingivitis to resolve completely without leaving any permanent damage. However, this requires good and regular oral hygiene. If gingivitis is not treated, the disease progresses to "periodontitis", where plaque and tartar settle under the gums.

What is periodontitis?

Untreated gingivitis spreads to the fibers (periodontal ligaments) that hold the teeth to the jawbone, and the inflammation causes tooth loss.

Causes of gum disease?

Dişeti hastalığının sebebi genellikle eksik hijyen yani eksik diş temizliğidir. Eksik hijyen nedeniyle dişlere tutunan ve çoğalan bakteriler diş plağı denilen tabakayı oluşturur ki dişeti hastalığının oluşmasında en önemli rolü bu yapı üstlenir. Dişeti hastalığı için sigara kullanımı en önemli risk faktörlerinden birisidir. Diğer risk faktörleri ise diabet gibi çeşitli sistemik hastalıklar, stres, kötü beslenmedir. Gece diş sıkma veya gıcırdatma, kötü diş kapanışı, dişlerde çapraşıklık, kötü ve eski dolgu veya protezler de dişeti hastalığına neden olabilir.

Dişeti hastalığı Belirtileri?

• Bad breath
• Red and swollen gums
• Bleeding gums
• Painful chewing
• Mobile teeth
• Sensitive teeth
• Receding gums or teeth that appear longer

How is periodontal disease diagnosed?

The main symptoms of periodontal disease.

 Bleeding from the gums while brushing and/or eating Loose teeth in later stages Increase in the visible length of the teeth due to recession of the gums

TREATMENTS APPLIED IN THE DEPARTMENT.

1. Non-surgical periodontal treatment:

Scaling and root planing: It is the process of removing hard and soft attachments on the tooth surfaces.

Subgingival curettage: It is aimed to eliminate the inflammatory condition in the gums or to prepare the tissues for advanced periodontal treatment. It is the process of removing the attachments and inflammatory tissues around the teeth.

2. Surgical periodontal treatment:

Periodontal flap surgery: It aims to stop bone destruction around the teeth by cleaning inflamed tissues. It is performed in cases where advanced gum disease and loss of bone supporting the teeth are observed. In cases where gum disease progresses, the gingival bone surface is removed and the root surface and inflamed surrounding tissues are cleaned.

Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty: It is a surgical procedure that only concerns the gums. Gingivectomy is the surgical removal of gum tissue, and gingivoplasty is the shaping of healthy gum tissues around the teeth. Treatment of gum disease is performed to eliminate gingival overgrowth, level the gingival margins, or prosthetically lengthen the tooth length.

Frenectomy: Frenulum (tongue, lip, cheek ligament) is the soft mucosa tissue located between the gum tissue and the tongue, lip and cheek, and connects these tissues to each other and limits their movements. They also make brushing teeth difficult and cause bacterial plaque accumulation. Frenectomy is performed in cases where the muscle connection called frenulum is positioned closer to the tooth than where it should normally be.

Resective and regenerative bone surgery: In cases where gum disease progresses, the alveolar bone around the teeth is shaped during periodontal flap surgery and, in appropriate cases, the alveolar bone is supported with various graft materials.

Soft tissue graft applications: It aims to prevent bone destruction and tooth loss by transplanting healthy gum from the palate to areas where there is no healthy attached gum due to gingival recession, and to cover the aesthetically open root surfaces to some extent.

3. Implant applications:

It is the process of placing an artificial tooth root, usually made of titanium, into the jawbone for the treatment of missing teeth.

4. Treatment of diseases around the implant:

Dişeti hastalığı doğal dişlerde olduğu gibi implantların çevresinde de meydana gelebilir. Bu durumda implant çevresi hastalıklar da cerrahi veya cerrahi olmayan yöntemlerle tedavi edilir.

5. Laser applications:

Laser in periodontal treatment; It is applied for cutting tissues, removing color from the gums, treating herpes and canker sores, stopping bleeding, treating hot and cold sensitivity in the teeth, and treating gum and implant-surrounding diseases.

6.Botox applications:

It is used therapeutically to relieve pain due to jaw joint or teeth clenching, and also to solve this appearance in patients with high gingival visibility.